Some weeks I will add a challenge question which “counts” as one of your discussion responses. One situation that was in the news quite a bit about a year ago was Britney Spears being released from her conservatorship, which I was interested to learn more about as it is concerning that a young person who is able to work would have their autonomy so limited.

We do not know Britney’s diagnosis (and it really does not matter if she has mental health challenges as mentally ill people still should have rights), but we can look at her case through a child development lens. In terms of child development, looking at Chapter 1 and 2, what could you say about Britney’s development? A few key points to consider:

* From when she was a baby, her mom objectified her saying she was like a doll for her to dress up.

* She was heavily scheduled in dance, singing, and gymnastics lessons as a young child.

* Her role in the family was to perform and made the family laugh, which helped to relieve tension in the family (her mom at one point had a restraining order against her husband, and by all accounts it was a tumultuous relationship). In addition, she became the primary breadwinner (at one point her family almost lost their house, but her successful album at age 16 was able to avoid foreclosure on their house). 

* Her father was an alcoholic and played little role in Britney’s life. His mother killed himself when he was a child, so he experienced trauma at a young age (and again when he was older, he was involved in a car accident where a teammate died). He has had multiple restraining orders against him. Yet, this is the person that Britney had to get permission from to see friends, do daily activities, and to approve any purchases. 

* Britney worked from the age of 8 and had very little time at home in Louisiana. Prior to her marriage to Kevin Federline, there were reports from friends of hers saying she frequently cried and said all she wanted was a “normal life” and to get married and have kids. Should kids be working full time and being the breadwinner for the family with very little time off (to socialize and/or relax and/or develop their own interests)?  

* After Britney’s marriage broke up, there were reports of her having post partum depression and mental health challenges while being hounded by paparazzi while going through a public divorce and custody battle.  

* As I’m sure some of you have heard, over the past 13 years, despite working and making over $100 million dollars, Britney was extremely restricted in her autonomy.

Britney Spears’s Conservatorship Nightmare | The New Yorker

What does restricting autonomy do to one’s mental health? For example, Britney reported not being able to drive her car, decide what to eat, or even to be allowed to have her kitchen cabinets painted a different color, but was required to work (but did not have control over the money). How does restricting autonomy limit human development? 

Differentiate among the professional psychology specializations (clinical, counseling, and school) in terms of philosophy, topic areas, and settings.

Select five major events/milestones in the development of clinical psychology. Develop a chronological timeline detailing the events/milestones you chose and their significance to the profession of clinical psychology.

Support your Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to provide a reference list for all resources, including those in the Learning Resources for this course.

references

Benjamin, L.T., Jr. (2005). A history of Clinical Psychology as a profession in America (and a glimpse at its future). Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 1–30. 

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Benjamin, L. T., Jr. & Baker, D. B. (2000). Boulder at 50: Introduction to the section. American Psychologist, 55(2), 233–236.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Buchanan, T. (2002). Historically grounding the practice of psychology: Implications for professional training. History of Psychology, 5(3), 240–248.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Chang, K., Ling Lee, I., Hargreaves, T. A. (2008). Scientist versus practitioner—An abridged meta-analysis of the changing role of psychologists. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 21(3), 267-291.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Cherry, D. K., Messenger, L. C., & Jacoby, A. M. (2000). An examination of training model outcomes in clinical psychology programs. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31(5), 562-568.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Peterson, D. R. (2000). Scientist-practitioner or scientific practitioner? American Psychologist, 55(2), 252-253.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Roger, P. R., & Stone, G. (n.d.) Counseling vs. clinical. Retrieved March 5, 2010 from http://www.div17.org/about/what-is-counseling-psychology/counseling-vs-clinical/

Article: Routh, D. K. (2000). Clinical psychology training: A history of ideas and practices prior to 1946. American Psychologist, 55(2), 236-241.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Society of Clinical Psychology. (n.d.). About clinical psychology. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/action/science/clinical/index

Stricker, G. & Trierweiler, S. J. (2006). The local clinical scientist: A bridge between science and practice. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 5(1), 37-46.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 Reply to this student post with a reflection of her response. Your reply must be have at least 250 words, 2 student references in APA format within the las 5 years published, and no plagiarism please,

The link between health and behavior.

Health and behavior are closely linked, and understanding this connection can help us to make healthier choices and live better lives. One crucial health paradigm is the bio psychosocial model, which suggests that health results from the interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors.

Regarding biology, our genes and physiology can play a role in our physical health and behavior. For example, certain genetic predispositions may make us more susceptible to certain diseases, while certain medications can impact our mood and behavior (Ogilvie et al., 2020). In psychology, our thoughts, feelings, and coping mechanisms can affect physical and emotional health. For example, stress and anxiety can lead to physical symptoms such as headaches and stomachaches, while positive emotions and a sense of purpose can improve our overall well-being. Regarding social factors, our relationships, environments, and culture can affect our behavior and health outcomes. For example, social support can positively impact our mental health, while living in a high-crime area can negatively affect our physical safety and well-being (Jakicic et al., 2019).

The bio psychosocial model suggests that our health is not determined by any one factor in isolation, but rather by the complex interplay between our biology, psychology, and social environment. The idea is that by taking care of our health and engaging in healthy behavior, our mental and physical state improves, leading to better behavior.

                      How this relationship impacts social determinants of health.

Social determinants are the factors that shape the conditions people live, such as income, education, and access to healthcare. These factors can have a powerful impact on our health outcomes, with individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds experiencing worse health outcomes than those from more privileged backgrounds (Hill-Briggs et al., 2021).

The above relationship can have an impact on our physical health. For example, behaviors such as smoking or poor diet lead to chronic diseases which are more prevalent among individuals from lower socio-economic backgrounds. These chronic conditions can lead to additional health problems, such as increased healthcare costs, disability, and reduced quality of life. Social determinants of health can also affect individuals’ behavior and well-being; for example, lack of access to healthy food options, lack of green spaces, and high-crime areas can lead to low physical activity and poor diet (Singu et al., 2020).

In addition, a lack of access to financial resources, education, and healthcare can lead to poor mental health, which can then affect one’s behavior. For example, stress and anxiety can make it difficult for individuals to make healthy choices and engage in healthy behaviors. Overall, addressing social determinants is vital for promoting health equity and improving health outcomes for individuals.

References 

Hill-Briggs, F., Adler, N. E., Berkowitz, S. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Navas-Acien, A., … & Haire-Joshu, D. (2021). Social determinants of health and diabetes: a scientific review. Diabetes care, 44(1), 258–279. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0053

Jakicic, J. M., Kraus, W. E., Powell, K. E., Campbell, W. W., Janz, K. F., Troiano, R. P., … & 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. (2019). Association between bout duration of physical activity and health: a systematic review. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 51(6), 1213. https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2019/06000/Association_between_Bout_Duration_of_Physical.16.aspx

Ogilvie, D., Adams, J., Bauman, A., Gregg, E. W., Panter, J., Siegel, K. R., … & White, M. (2020). Using natural experimental studies to guide public health action: turning the evidence-based medicine paradigm on its head. J Epidemiol Community Health, 74(2), 203-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-213085

Singu, S., Acharya, A., Challagundla, K., & Byrareddy, S. N. (2020). Impact of social determinants of health on the emerging COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Frontiers in public health, p. 406. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00406

Have you heard of the 80/20 Rule? This Rule is based upon the Pareto Principle. Watch this 2-minute video Links to an external site.to see how the Pareto Principle applies not only to business but also to your personal life.

VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPoA6dzKmtg

The Pareto Principle is used for quality assurance and focuses on the 80/20 Rule. A Pareto Chart Analysis visually identifies the most important contributing factors, the most occurring defects, or the most common problems. We call these “the vital few.”

This Pareto Principle, or 80-20 Rule, says 80% of the effects stem from 20% of the causes. Although the actual numbers may be different from case-to-case, the Pareto Principle is a guiding principle used in business for the following:

• Customer Complaints (e.g., 80% of the complaints come from 20% of the customers)
• Management (e.g., 80% of the results come from 20% of the group)
• Sales (e.g., 80% of the profits come from 20% of the products)
• Quality Management for identifying the most important causes for defects (e.g., 80% of the problems come from 20% of the causes)

Refer to the chart pictured below. (WILL PLACE CHART IN ATTACHMENTS)

• A Pareto Chart is a bar chart with contributing factors ordered from most frequent to least frequent with a superimposed line graph showing the cumulative percentage contribution to the total number of instances.
• The line graph uses the secondary axis (the axis on the right side) with values between 0% and 100%.
• In a Pareto Analysis, you simply look at where the line graph crosses 80%.
• The contributing factors to the left of that point are your “vital few” or most significant factors.

Pareto Chart Analysis

VIDEO :  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltBw6kwD3_o

Pareto Chart template WILL BE IN ATTACHMENTS

Assume you are working on an improvement project for a multi-faceted problem at your organization, and you want to develop a Pareto Chart to identify the most significant contributing factors for that problem. Follow the instructions in the template provided.

Your Pareto Chart document must include:

• Contributing Factors (minimum 10)
• Number of Instances for Each Contributing Factor
• Vital Few Contributing Factors

 

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

Models help us describe and summarize relationships between variables. Understanding how process variables relate to each other helps businesses predict and improve performance. For example, a marketing manager might be interested in modeling the relationship between advertisement expenditures and sales revenues.

Consider the dataset below and respond to the questions that follow:

Advertisement ($’000)   Sales ($’000)

1068    4489

1026    5611

767      3290

885      4113

1156    4883

1146    5425

892      4414

938      5506

769      3346

677      3673

1184    6542

1009    5088

• Construct a scatter plot with this data.
• Do you observe a relationship between both variables?
• Use Excel to fit a linear regression line to the data. What is the fitted regression model? (Hint: You can follow the steps outlined in Fitting a Regression on a Scatter Plot on page 497 of the textbook.)
• What is the slope? What does the slope tell us?Is the slope significant?
• What is the intercept? Is it meaningful?
• What is the value of the regression coefficient,r? What is the value of the coefficient of determination, r^2? What does r^2 tell us?
• Use the model to predict sales and the business spends $950,000 in an advertisement. Does the model underestimate or overestimate sales?