Knowing the content and methodology of phonics, high-frequency words, and syllabic analysis is essential if teachers intend to be able to help all of their pupils, both struggling and achieving readers, succeed. The chapter emphasizes the importance of phonics (if needed), high-frequency (sight) words, and syllabic analysis as tools for decoding words, but emphasizes that these elements must be taught and applied in the context of real reading and must be adapted to fit the needs of older students and struggling readers. Monitoring progress and gearing instruction to students’ level of development are emphasized. A system for leveling books according to the decoding skills needed to read them is presented. Fluency is also discussed. To empower readers to create their own instruction, the chapter presents basic concepts essential for planning a word recognition program: major consonant and vowel correspondences, generalizations, single-syllable and multisyllabic patterns, and methods and materials for teaching phonics, high-frequency words, and syllabication. Techniques for fostering fluency are presented in detail

In this discussion, based on your reading of  the chapter ,indicate your understanding of Phonics awareness  by responding to the questions below. Reflect upon and discuss ALL Two of the following questions

1. What does it mean if a 5-year-old child writes “pez tak me yet u”  (Please take me with you)? what instructional help would you give?

2. What are the basic principles of phonics instruction?

STEP 1: First, write a response with at least Five substantial sentences, integrating concepts you learned from the reading and other materials (include links with necessary). Show that you can think critically on the topic by integrating your own thoughts, analysis, or experiences.

DQ1:

How can you ensure that discussions surrounding assessments of ELL/bilingual students involve more than their deficits and achievement gaps, but also focus on their strengths, growth, and successes to celebrate? 

DQ2:

What are some ways an ELL/bilingual specialist can be included in the analysis of data and participate in decision-making at the district, school, and grade level or content/subject area team levels? Reflecting on your personal professional growth, what aspects of data-based decision-making do you still have questions about? How prepared are you to analyze assessment data for ELL/bilingual students and offer sound recommendations? In what ways will you seek continued professional growth to serve as a resource to colleagues in data-based decision-making? 

 In response to your peers, suggest an activity to incorporate into working with a client experiencing these challenges. 

1#.  In working with patients who have experienced pressure to leave their thinking racial practice, my approach would highlight racial sensitivity and respect their common experience. “Culture is frequently classified as a  wide and vexed definition  in million of ways depending on the area of study  and opinion of humans using the definition” (Gopalkrishnan,2018 Page 1). I would make a secure, not judgemental space for them to tour their feelings and skills, motivating an open dialogue. Furthermore,  I would assist patients to tour the strengths and resources they can gain from their cultural background and point out the morals of cultural diversity. “One of the primary complication  experiencing in mental health experts  is comprehending the difficult duties  and cultural diversity

2#.  My approach would be to be empathetic to my client. I would have them tell me what beliefs are important to them and how adopting new ideals and customs would change who they are as a person. I would let them know that pressuring someone to give up something that is important to someone can make that person resentful.  I would ask them if they feel that fitting in to the customs of the culture they are currently in supresses their heritage and ethnicity in ways that bother them, and if so how can they keep true to their own true roots while adopting some of the new ideals, if that is what they truly want and value. I would also challenge them on why (what is their motivation) and who they are trying to fit into ways of the dominant culture for, is it for themselves or someone, something (job, college) they are trying to impress? Understanding what motivates them to want to change can be helpful in deciding what is helpful for them. Also, asking what cultural traditions are important they keep. Is there a way they can do both, and knowing that I am supportive of whatever they chose or dont’t chose. 

Another thing I would bring up with my client is how will this change effect their family structure. Certain cultures are very family focused and follow cultural ways faithfully. How will giving up some of their cultural practices for different ones change how the family feels toward them or functions together.

Question to class: How does your culture feel about depression, anxiety and other mental health issues?

 In response to your peers, suggest strategies to overcome the identified challenges. 

#1. There are many obstacles that culturally diverse populations could encounter. For instance, Problems with childcare, whether it is because they can not afford to pay for childcare or they do not have childcare because they stay home with the children. Not having transportation to get to and from appointments to try and obtain services.  (Corey et al., 2020b) They worry about taking time off work due to the loss of pay. They would miss attending the appointments because, in some diverse communities, getting paid every possible cent you can still is not enough. Cultural principles and societal standards may stop some clients from underprivileged groups from even seeking mental health support due to their ethnic background and the way they were raised. Some distinct groups may not even seek professional services until it is the last possible option due to their ethnic framework and their way of life. Some say and think ethnic majority groups seeking professional services may lose their natural virtues over time. Corey et al., 2020b).

  Due to unequal treatment in past relationships between diverse communities and helping professionals, clients from underprivileged groups may have difficulty trusting or wanting to build a relationship with providers. Providers must take their inventories regarding their beliefs, predictions, and cultural perspectives regarding the helping process. It is necessary to learn and acknowledge the attitudes and values of all clients to see if they hold a conventional point of view to ensure the provider does not take a stereotypical perspective regarding the attitudes and actions of clients. Providers must remain nonbias with an open mind at all times, and be critical thinkers with decision-making ability, and well-educated. They must also adapt to their surroundings and empathize with all clients and families. Providers must be able to distinguish the needs of a client right away. (Corey et al., 2020b).

 Gallardo, Johnson, Parham, and Carter (2009)have stated, “that integrating culturally responsive practices with more traditional types of therapy is a major importance.” As Professionals, we must have an ongoing awareness regarding influential controlling temperaments within our realities it is mandatory that we take into consideration society’s ethnically susceptible standards in everything we do. (Corey et al., 2020b)

 Providers are encouraged to go outside the office and conduct some home visits in a way of helping build trusting relationships with underprivileged clients of diverse communities.  Zur has said,” that home visits could be a way of being able to view their home, rituals, neighborhoods, community and support system, and way of educating yourself and learning about the clients.” (Zur, 2008). (Corey et al., 2020b).

  Do you think you will struggle when it comes to setting aside your morals and values in order to provide services to diverse groups? And why or why not?

#2. When providing counseling services, to client who are culturally diverse, there are challenges that may affect the overall efficiency on how you deliver quality services. It is the job of counselors to provide clients with quality services, regardless of race, sex, religion, or sexual orientations (Corey, 2019). With that being said, when counseling client who are culturally diverse, cultural inclusivity is a good way to somewhat avoiding discrimination. Cultural inclusivity is the practice of including members of all cultures in the design and delivery of services, programs, and activities (Nair, L., & Adetayo, O. A. 2019, May 16).

With many companies moving across the globe, and a recent serge in online therapy, and counseling session, counselor are expected to encounter a host of unique diversity challenges. The main challenges counselors may face, during their career is the lack of knowledge on multicultural traditions, language barriers, and inefficiency of understanding religious rituals. Because, of these challenges it may be a good idea for counselors to study, and research the background of their subjects. To combat these challenges counselors should study the cultural traditions of their clients, learn common lingual spoken by clients, and have a common knowledge of various religions. Having general knowledge of your clients background helps counselors to provide better services, which illustrates that you understand their struggle with clients current circumstance. In addition to learnong the background of your clients, counselors should avoid inflicting implicit bias, or judgment towards client by seeking understanding of new situations.

Provide an overview of each nurse theorist/and or nursing theory that you have chosen.

Be sure to discuss the basic philosophical and structural components of the theory, the classification of the theory, the purpose and intention of the theory, and whether the theory is based upon other theories or approaches (from other nursing scholars or from other disciplines). Identify what areas of nursing the theory has the most impact, nursing practice, nursing research, nursing education, or nursing administration. Also discuss the development of the theory/theoretical approach based upon the sociopolitical and cultural influences of the time and environment of its development, upon the roles in nursing that the theorist held, and the values and beliefs of the theorist.
Be sure to use appropriate APA citation and when responding to your peers, begin with addressing them personally and end your response posting with your name.

Guidelines for Weekly Discussion Postings/ Discussion Participation: The online discussions will provide opportunities to explore different topics, share what you are learning with your classmates, and gain clarity about the course content. Your discussion responses should demonstrate critical thinking skills and your responses should be thoughtful and promote respectful discourse with the other students in the class. The rules of common courtesy are to be followed (e.g., one voice speaks at a time, polite debate occurs, and all opinions are honored). In order for an online discussion assignment to be considered complete, the student must effectively and adequately cover the assigned topic, reference the course text and other sources with appropriate APA citations, meet the 400 word minimum, the responses to classmates must be developed in a manner that furthers the conversation and learning, the spelling, grammar, and writing must be appropriate, and the online discussion assignment must be submitted on time. Interactions should be thorough, thoughtful and facilitate the learning community’s growth. Discussions will be reviewed on a weekly basis. Contribution toward the course grade total will be based on the pattern of demonstrating these characteristics. Please remember, initial posts should be submitted by deadline.