Outbreaks of foodborne illnesses frequently occur throughout the United States. The Centers for Disease Control are notified when outbreaks of many foodborne illnesses occur. For this assignment, assume you regularly write blogs for your peers and patients. This blog is about these outbreaks and the outcomes associated with them.

To complete this assignment: 

• Visit the CDC’s Foodborne Outbreaks page Links to an external site.using this link.
• Select one of the Recent Outbreak Investigations related to food consumption.

In your Blog, include the following:

• What organism caused the outbreak? 
• What happened? 
  • What food was contaminated?
  • How was the food contaminated?
    • If this information is included in the report, share how the source of contamination relates to the identified organism.
    • If the report does not include the information, suggest one way the contamination could have happened based on the organism involved.
    • In either case, support your response using an external source.
• Who was affected by the incident?
  • How were they exposed to the organism? (if not stated, share your opinion of how they might have been exposed)
  • How many people reported symptoms?
  • What symptoms might have led to the identification of a foodborne illness?
  • How many of the exposed were hospitalized? Were there any mortalities?
• Share your advice, based on at least one source, on how your blog followers can
  • Avoid exposure to the organism that caused the outbreak
  • Identify symptoms associated with the exposure.

Your Blog (which you will submit as a word document) should:

• Be visually appealing
• Optionally include images and/or videos
  • images should be inserted directly into the document
  • videos can be shared with a link
• Include references for all included pictures and videos

Not sure how to write a blog? Check out this website for some ideas: https://goinswriter.com/great-blog-post/

 

THE INFLUENCE OF PEERS

“If Johnny jumps off a cliff are you going to jump, too”? This is a cliché used often by parents wanting to convince their children that doing what “everyone else does” is not always a good idea.

For example, binge drinking is an increasing problem on college campuses, often with dire consequences (e.g., alcohol poisoning, unprotected sex, expulsion from school). Given the consequences, one wonders what compels college students to engage in such risky behavior. We know that fitting in—being accepted by others—is a primary motive for doing what others do. In this case, conforming to one’s referent group’s norms (i.e., getting drunk is cool) gains one’s acceptance to that group (Talbott, Wilkinson, Moore, & Usdan, 2014; Wardell & Read, 2013). Refusal to comply means rejection by the group.

Binge drinking, clearly, is not in the best interest of individual college students, unless you consider the importance of belonging to and acceptance by the group.

For this Discussion, you explore persuasion strategies with respect to the effects of peer influence on behavior.  

References:

Talbott, L. L., Wilkinson, L. L., Moore, C. G., & Usdan, S. L. (2014). The role of injunctive norms and alcohol use during the first-semester of college. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 58(1), 60–81.

Wardell, J. D., & Read, J. P. (2013). Alcohol expectancies, perceived norms, and drinking behavior among college students: Examining the reciprocal determinism hypothesis. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(1),
191–196. 

RESOURCES

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

WEEKLY RESOURCES

 

• Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., Akert, R. M., & Sommers, S. R. (Eds.). (2019). Social psychology (10th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Chapter 9, “Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups”
• Note: Viewing media and interactives embedded in the electronic version of this course text is not required for this course.
• Underwood, M. K., & Ehrenreich, S. E. (2014). Bullying may be fueled by the desperate need to belong. Theory Into Practice,Links to an external site. 53(4), 265–270. doi:10.1080/00405841.2014.947217 
• Sonnentag, T. L., & Barnett, M. A. (2013). An exploration of moral rebelliousness with adolescents and young adults. Ethics & BehaviorLinks to an external site., 23(3), 214–236. doi:10.1080/10508422.2012.739943

TO PREPARE

• Review the Learning Resources for this week and examine how social psychology theory and research explain the effects of peer influence on behavior.
• Consider persuasion strategies that a social psychologist might use to convince someone to defy peer pressure.

BY DAY 3

Post an explanation for how you might persuade someone to “do what is in her or his best interest” when it means defying group demands. Use social psychology theory and research to support your persuasion strategy. 

BY DAY 5

Respond to at least one colleague and explain whether or not you found your colleague’s response persuasive and why. Support your explanation with social psychology theory and research.

Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the social psychology theory and research. In addition to the Learning Resources, search the Walden Library and/or Internet for peer-reviewed articles to support your post and responses. Use proper APA format and citations, including those in the Learning Resources.

 

Prompt 1:

Prompt 2:

Explain how a Piagetian /Neo-Piagetian might explain what productive struggle is and why it benefits learners.  Then offer two different strategies that a Piagetian/Neo-Piagetian would recommend for maximizing effective productive struggle in children and/or adolescents.

Explain how a Vygotskian theorist or a theorist who subscribes to a contemporary contextual perspective on learning might explain what productive struggle is and why it benefits learners.  Then offer two different strategies that such a theorist would recommend for maximizing effective productive struggle in children  Complete the following readings from your textbook, Human Learning:

• Chapter 9: Cognitive-Developmental Perspectives
• Chapter 10: Sociocultural Theoriesand/or adolescents.

TOPIC: FISHER-PRICE DJ BOUNCIN BEATS INTERACTIVE MUSIC or PLAY-DOH KITCHEN CREATIONS ULTIMATE ICE CREAM TRUCK TOY.

 In this assignment, you will complete an analysis on the assigned children’s toy or game based on both the cognitive development and EITHER the physical or psychosocial development of infants, toddlers, or middle childhood. You will analyze how the toy/game meets major developmental milestones and the normative behaviors for the target age range and specific cognitive, physical, or psychosocial needs and apply developmental theories to support the information you present. You will also recommend at least one modification that would improve the toy/game and provide a scholarly rationale on how this modification would enhance at least one of the areas of development. You will present your findings in the form of a PowerPoint presentation.Note: Please note that this presentation IS NOT a consumer review of the product. The purpose of this presentation is to analyze a toy in terms of the developmental milestones discussed in this course.Assignment Instructions:The presentation slides should include the following sections and supporting information in bulleted format, along with appropriate supporting images. Presentation should also include elaboration and supporting details in paragraph format with in-text citations in the speaker notes section of the PowerPoint. Presentation should be approximately 7-10 slides. Upload the PowerPoint to the assignment dropbox. Refer to the grading rubric for more details.Presentation Title: Assignment’s title, your name, the institution’s nameSection: Description of Toy/game

• Provides a thorough and comprehensive description of toy/game selected including all of the following:
  • Identify the intended target age range for the toy/game.
  • Identify and explain if the toy/game is gender specific and to which gender it is targeted. Provide support and rationale for how you arrived at this conclusion.
  • Include an appropriate image(s) of toy.

  Section: Functionality & Claims

• Describe the functionality, and rules/requirements if applicable.
• State any claims the manufacturer makes about the toy/game.

Section: Physical OR Psychosocial Needs

• Thoroughly describe variables that influence physical development or psychosocial factors related to selected toy/game, including several supporting theories.
• Ensure that information presented is well supported by established milestones from the text or other scholarly source.

Section: Cognitive Needs

• Thoroughly explain the cognitive development influence of the toy/game selected including several supporting theories.
• Ensure that information presented is well supported by established milestones from the text or other scholarly source.

Section: Modifications

• Recommend and describe details of at least one modification that would improve the toy/game.
• Thoroughly explain how the modification would enhance the child’s development in at least one of the 3 areas (physical, cognitive, psychosocial).
• Provide a scholarly rationale and support by several theories on how this modification would enhance at least one of the areas of development (physical, psychosocial, cognitive).

References APA formatted referencesRequirements:

• Minimum of 1 additional reference – (such as manufacturer website and scholarly source published within the last five years)
• Use textbook as primary reference.

APA formatted in-text citations and references for all the supporting evidence. 

  Discussion for week 5 

Explain what is meant by the terms fluid balance, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance, and discuss their importance for homeostasis. List the most frequent threats to acid-base balance, and explain how the body responds when the pH of body fluids varies outside normal limits.

Fluid balance:  Fluid balance is an important aspect of homeostatis which refers to the maintenance of correct amount of water in the body of an organism. The fluid balance relies on the principle that water lost from the body via respiration, urination, defection or sweating  should be equal to the water gained into the body via  drinking or eating (National Library of Medicine, n.d.).

electrolyte balance: this refers to the correct concentration of electrolytes such as sodium ion,, calcium ions, potassium ions, chloride ions, phosphate ions and magnesium ions in the blood, urine as well as body fluids.

Acid base balance: It refers to a balance between the acidity and alkalinity of the blood plasma by exchange of hydrogen ions.  

Fluid balance, electrolyte balance and acid base balance are all important aspects for homeostatis. Homeostatis refers to the regulatory system of our body that maintains variable factors such as water, electrolyte and acid base composition of body fluids nearly constant. Fluid balance helps to maintain a balance of water in our body (Libretexts,2020). Osmolarity is regulated by intake and excretion of ions from the water. Acid base balance helps to maintain proper pH of body fluids. When the body fluids become acidic as a result of metabolic activities, exchange of hydrogen ions takes place such that a balance is maintained.

The most frequent threats to acid base balance are: Acidosis and Alkalosis. Acid base balance is evaluated by pH, carbon dioxide (acid) level and bicarbonate (base) level on the blood. Lungs, kidneys and buffer systems in our body help to maintain the acid base balance. Carbon dioxide level increases in the blood due to excretion of wastes of metabolic processes.  This leads to decrease in pH. The lungs  immediately remove carbon dioxide from the blood via signaling from the brain which increase the speed of breathing. This helps to restore the  correct pH of blood. The kidneys also excrete out excess acids or bases to maintain correct pH. Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion is a buffer system that helps maintain correct pH of blood.

References

Libretexts. (2020). 26: fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base balance. Medicine LibreTexts. https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Anatomy_and_Physiology_1e_(OpenStax)/Unit_5%3A_Energy_Maintenance_and_Environmental_Exchange/26%3A_Fluid_Electrolyte_and_Acid-Base_Balance

National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Fluid and electrolyte balance. https://medlineplus.gov