Think about what the family has gone through and the impact has been on all family members. Chrissy was an adult when she came out to her family as a lesbian, however research is showing more and more people are coming out as early as middle school and a vast majority end of high school.  

1. Explain the role spirituality can play in identity development during adolescence.  Explain how religious teen groups/programs can assist families dealing with identity development.  What about teens whose views on religion/spirituality differ from their parents/family?  What resources are available for them? 
2. What local resources are available in your area to help both teenagers and parents understand sexual development issues from a religious stance? As a  mental health worker, how can you utilize these resources?
3. Access and read the GCU Statement on the Integration of Faith and Work. GCU believes that redemption as well as the restoration of all things comes through Christ Jesus. Therefore, GCU believes that the Christian worldview offers hope of restoration, not only for individuals, but also for families, communities. How could a mental health worker with the Christian worldview help a family dealing with mental health issues about sexual identity or orientation?

https://www.proquest.com/docview/432595236?accountid=7374&parentSessionId=oMU7IEcc2JYZpLDycevH%2FBNs4CaaCebZXH4Y3o9pat0%3D

Breast Cancer Global Quality Care, Barriers, and Strategies for Intervention

Breast Cancer Global Quality Care, Barriers, and Strategies for Intervention

Breast cancer rates vary worldwide. These rates differ among age, women and men, and different ethnicities. In 2020 there were 1.1 per 100,000 new cases of breast cancer in men and 118.8 per 100,000 in women. Worldwide breast cancer is more common in women. Generally, breast cancer rates were higher in developed countries than developing countries. It is felt that lifestyle and factors related to reproduction may play a role for this difference. Another explanation may be due to reduced mammography screening rates and reporting that is not complete. In developing countries, breast cancer is the most common cause of death due to cancer in women and the second in developing countries (Komen.org, 2019). This literature review will describe the quality of breast cancer care globally and the different factors that impact breast cancer. Approaches to consistent quality care worldwide is discussed and ways to improve care and outcomes. Finally, organizations that strive to improve research and best practices are observed.

Global Quality of Breast Cancer Care and Health-related Research and Methods

The United States is showing a 39% decline in breast cancer deaths from 1991 to 2015. There is an estimated 1.67 million people diagnosed with breast cancer annually. Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate, with breast cancer being the second highest. Countries with low- and middle-incomes (LMICs) are seeing higher rates of breast cancer deaths, up to 70% more than high-income countries. Global guidelines for breast cancer prevention, screening, and treatment are necessary to improve these statistics (Barrios, Reinert, & Weretsky, 2018).

Oxford University Press published an article regarding global quality care for breast cancer (Verhoeven, Allemani, Kaufman, Mansel, Siesling, & Anderson, 2020). Breast cancer incidences are rising in all countries. LMIC’s are not seeing as much improvement in survival rates than high-income countries (HICs). Clinical guidelines that are implemented internationally is one approach to improving the quality of care globally. Patients who are diagnosed with breast cancer should have the opportunity to meet with their providers and discuss the different treatment options. This is considered a multidisciplinary approach. However, not all countries require this type of approach.

Behavioral, Demographic, and Dultural Factors that Impact Breast Cancer

The American Association for Cancer Research publishes the report, The State of Cancer Health Disparities in 2022 (AACR.org, 2022). Cancer health disparities are driven by socioeconomic, cultural, social, and environmental factors. Social determinates of health (SDOH) have a great influence on the quality of life of individuals as well as their health and well-being. The different SDOH overlap from societal and community levels.  One of the key objectives of the Healthy People 2030 initiative is to focus on these SDOH to find ways to improve the health and well-being of all nations (Health.gov, n.d.). 

Certain behaviors can influence risk of breast cancer development. One study shows that women who give birth in younger years and breastfeed longer reduce their risk for estrogen receptor (ER) positive and negative breast cancer. Women who follow a vegetarian diet have less risk of developing breast cancer than those who have high intake of animal fat in their diet. Also, lack of activities in women increased their risk of breast cancer risk (Kashyap, Pal, Sharma, Garg, Goel, Koundal, Zaguia, Koundal, & Belay, 2022). 

Breast cancer is a national burden. In India breast cancer has become the fastest growing cancer and has doubled from 1982 to 2005. The disease is usually detected at more advanced stages due to SDOH of education and location of residence. It is important for all countries to have access to breast cancer screenings, especially in rural areas (Kashyap, et al., 2022). 

Cultural differences also play a role in breast cancer risk. There are different stereotypes around cancer that affect individuals all over the world which can be influenced by culture. Some societies feel that cancer will lead to death, therefore they decide not to have screenings or obtain a diagnosis. Unfortunately, this is what leads to higher deaths due to delayed diagnosis and treatment (UICC.org, 2023). 

Acute and Long-term Breast Cancer Care

Preparing educational presentations is a way to educate targeted populations regarding breast cancer screenings. The first step is to find the barriers in different cultural groups and design the presentation around those barriers. The presentation follows a character with similar myths about screening mammograms. Throughout the presentation the character is reassured about their hesitation and proceeds to get the mammogram. It is also important to make sure the presentation is in the appropriate language of the targeted cultural population (Fung, Vang, Margolies, Li, Blondeau-Lecomte, Li, & Jaandorf, 2021).

Principles of breast screening care were established in 1986 because it was felt that it takes specialty teams to assess breast cancer. These specialties included a clinician, radiologist, and a pathologist. This came to be known as the multidisciplinary team approach. This approach is used worldwide. When different disciplines are involved with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, the outcomes are better. A framework is established for the patient’s care early on. Everyone is involved from the beginning. The patient has a clear understanding of the whole treatment plan. Multidisciplinary care is known as the gold standard of cancer treatment (Blackwood & Deb, 2020).

When it comes to follow up care for breast cancer patients, there is some debate on who should provide the care, their oncologist or primary care provider. The majority of women studied did prefer their cancer care be provided by their oncologist. Most primary care providers oversee cancer screenings and tests; however, surviving patients preferred their oncologist to provide this care. If patient’s wait on their oncologist for routine testing, they could delay their care due to wait times to see them (Cancer.gov, 2017). Part of the multidisciplinary approach should include transitioning back to primary care provider for routine cancer follow up. 

Issues related to breast cancer and improvement examples

There are structural barriers that exist which make it hard to get breast cancer screenings. Location of services can be a barrier for people who live in remote areas or do not have transportation. Screenings may not be available at convenient times. Better access to care for breast cancer patients requires action. There are many barriers to quality care that people face. The Susan G. Komen’s mission is to advocate for public policy so everyone regardless of age, gender, race, and socioeconomic status receives the care they require. One act that is being included in legislation is the Access to Breast Cancer Diagnosis Act (H.R.2428). This act will stop payers from denying access to diagnostic imaging when screening mammograms suggest further workup (Komen.org, 2019).

Patient feedback about their breast cancer treatment is a way to ensure that quality care is being provided. A study was conducted on whether patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were helpful in having a positive effect on patients, their providers, and overall outcomes. PROMs had a positive impact on health outcomes, showing reduced anxiety and pain. Also, quality of life was higher. Most patients reported that the PROMs were easy to access and complete. Since the focus is shifting towards quality care, PROMs are a great way to analyze the care given. The results will assist providers to make improvements needed (Van Egdom, Oemrawsingh, Verweij, Verhoef, Klazinga, & Hazelzet, 2019).

Breast Cancer Costs and Methods of Improving Care

The treatment for breast cancer is the highest cost of all types of cancer. In 2020 the total cost annually for breast cancer care was $29.8 billion. There are three phases of care for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment: initial phase or first year after diagnosis, end-of-life phase, or year before death from cancer, and continuing care phase or in between the previous two phases. End of life care has the highest average per-patient cost and continuing care has the lowest. The CDC is working to reduce health care costs by detecting breast cancer early with screenings. There are proven benefits for more screenings, such as reducing number of breast cancer deaths, decreased number of diagnoses at later stages, increased life expectancy with early detections, and reduced health care spending due to lesser costs for treatments (CDC.gov, 2022).

There are several barriers to breast cancer care such as structural, sociocultural, personal, and financial. Another barrier includes training of providers to adequately detect and treat breast cancer patients. Human resources can play a factor in overcoming this barrier. Adequate allowances of resources need to be allocated to help provide trained healthcare personnel in screening for breast cancer, as well as diagnosing and treatment. Health systems will have increased demand for services as breast cancer access is improved. This will require additional healthcare personnel. To keep retention of employees, strategies are necessary. These may include providing continuing education, providing adequate working environment, and competitive wages. Stakeholders should work together to ensure all health professionals are trained in breast cancer awareness and care (Fredhutch.org, n.d.).

The Enhancing Oncology Model (EOM) is a payment model under the Medicare fee-for-service that can improve patient care and reduce healthcare spending. The incentive is to have providers take accountability of the care of patients who are receiving systemic chemotherapy. There are seven types of cancer that providers oversee, and breast cancer is one of those. Over a six-month period, each EOM participant is responsible for the total cost of care. Based on the performance quality and cost of expenditures, the participants may earn incentives or may owe a recoupment. The purpose of this model is to help with the coordination of the patient’s care and ensure that patients feel supported throughout their journey (CMS.gov, 2023). 

One cost of healthcare that is not directly related to disparities is Medicare fraud and abuse perpetrators (FAPs). According to a study by JAMA Internal Medicine, 6,700 premature deaths were caused by FAPs in 2013. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is tasked with identifying and getting rid of these FAPs who target vulnerable Medicare patients (Kuhrt, 2019).

Breast Cancer Organizations and Strategic Planning Methods

The Breast Cancer Research Foundation (www.bcrf.org) is the highest-rated breast cancer research organization in the country. Their mission is to prevent and cure breast cancer. They plan to do this by advancing the world’s most promising research. They are a non-profit organization started in 1993 by Evelyn Lauder, her friend Larry Norton, and her husband. Mrs. Lauder also was the creator of the famous signature pink ribbon which was distributed through the Breast Cancer Awareness campaign to raise awareness about breast health. BCRF has 255 researchers with the goal of preventing and curing breast cancer. There has been great progress since their founding in 1993. Donations are used to fund the research.

Breast cancer programs that are accredited by the National Accreditation Program for Breast Centers (NAPBC) is a way to prove that their team has health care providers who work together to provide the best care to their patients. There are certain quality standards that must be followed, and it is a great distinction to acquire. The NAPBC has many useful resources for organizations to utilize in planning, implementing, and marketing their services. There are many advantages of this accreditation, including education on best practices, access to community forums to search for best practices, and marketing tools (FACS.org, n.d.).

Kuasai Permainan: Kiat Ampuh untuk Mendominasi Poker dan Mengamankan Kemenangan yang Konsisten

Poker adalah permainan strategi di mana para pemain berusaha untuk mengamankan kemenangan dengan menggunakan kartu yang mereka pegang. Untuk bisa mendominasi permainan poker dan memenangkan secara konsisten, ada beberapa tips yang bisa anda ikuti:

1. Pelajari aturan dan strategi dasar: Sebelum anda bermain poker, pastikan anda memahami aturan dan strategi dasar permainan. Ini termasuk berbagai macam kombinasi kartu yang ada, urutan peringkat tangan, dan strategi taruhan yang efektif.

2. Kenali lawan anda: Salah satu kunci untuk mendominasi poker adalah dengan mempelajari gaya bermain lawan anda. Perhatikan pola taruhan, kebiasaan, dan reaksi mereka terhadap situasi tertentu. Dengan memahami lawan anda, anda dapat mengambil keuntungan dari kelemahan mereka dan menghindari serangan mereka.

3. Mengelola uang dengan bijak: Bagian penting dari bermain dewapoker login  adalah mengelola uang anda dengan bijak. Tetapkan batas maksimal jumlah uang yang anda siap untuk bermain dan jangan pernah melampaui batBerikut adalah beberapa kiat untuk mendominasi permainan poker dan mengamankan kemenangan yang konsisten:

Aturan Dan Strategi Dasar

1. Pelajari aturan dan strategi dasar: Sebelum Anda mulai bermain, pastikan Anda mengerti aturan dasar dan strategi permainan poker. Pelajari jenis tangan yang baik, strategi taruhan, dan cara membaca pemain lawan.

2. Buat rencana permainan: Sebelum duduk di meja, buat rencana permainan yang jelas. Tentukan batas maksimal kerugian yang dapat Anda terima dan batas keuntungan yang ingin Anda capai. Memiliki rencana permainan yang baik akan membantu Anda tetap fokus dan menghindari membuat keputusan impulsif.

3. Pahami pemain lawan Anda: Berusaha untuk memahami gaya bermain dan tren pemain lawan Anda. Amati pemain lain untuk mencari kelemahan dan pola permainan mereka. Ini akan membantu Anda mengambil keputusan yang lebih baik dan memanfaatkan situasi yang menguntungkan.

4. Kelola bankroll Anda dengan bijak: Penting untuk memiliki manajemen bankroll yang baik dalam permainan poker. Tentukan jumlah uang yang akan Anda habiskan untuk bermain dan patuhi batas tersebut. Jangan mencoba mengganti kerugian dengan bermain di luar kemampuan finansial Anda.

5. Jaga emosi Anda: Poker dapat menjadi permainan yang emosional, tetapi penting untuk tetap tenang dan terkendali. Jangan biarkan emosi Anda mempengaruhi keputusan permainan Anda. Jika Anda merasa frustrasi atau marah, lebih baik berhenti bermain untuk sementara waktu dan kembali ketika Anda lebih santai.

6. Gunakan strategi taruhan yang tepat: Taruhan adalah bagian penting dari permainan poker. Gunakan taruhan untuk mengontrol alur permainan dan menggertak pemain lawan  Anda. Jangan terlalu terbawa suasana dan terus-menerus meningkatkan taruhan Anda jika Anda tidak memiliki tangan yang kuat.

7. Teruslah belajar dan berlatih: daftar kdslots777 adalah permainan yang terus berkembang. Ada selalu hal-hal baru yang bisa dipelajari danDalam permainan poker, tujuan utama setiap pemain adalah untuk mendominasi permainan dan memenangkan sebanyak mungkin. Namun, untuk mencapai itu, Anda perlu menguasai berbagai keterampilan dan strategi. Berikut adalah beberapa kiat ampuh yang dapat membantu Anda mendominasi poker dan mengamankan kemenangan yang konsisten:

DASAR-DASAR POKER IDN

1. Pelajari dasar-dasar: Pertama-tama, Anda perlu memahami aturan dasar poker dan peringkat tangan. Pelajari berbagai kombinasi kartu yang ada dan bagaimana mereka mengalahkan satu sama lain.

2. Pahami strategi awal: Memiliki pemahaman yang baik tentang strategi awal bisa membantu Anda mengambil keputusan yang tepat di tahap-tahap awal permainan. Ketahui kapan harus memasang taruhan, kapan harus melipat, dan kapan harus meningkatkan taruhan.

3. Perhatikan lawan Anda: Amati dengan cermat perilaku dan kebiasaan lawan Anda. Perhatikan bagaimana mereka bertaruh, kapan mereka menggertak, dan tanda-tanda lain dari perilaku mereka. Informasi ini dapat membantu Anda membuat keputusan yang lebih baik saat bermain.

4. Kelola emosi Anda: Poker adalah permainan yang membutuhkan kecerdasan emosional yang tinggi. Jangan biarkan emosi Anda menguasai Anda dan mempengaruhi keputusan. Tetap tenang dan tetap link alternatif kartupoker  adalah permainan yang menarik dan membutuhkan keahlian yang baik untuk bisa mendominasi meja dan memenangkan kemenangan secara konsisten. Berikut ini adalah beberapa kiat ampuh untuk menguasai permainan poker:

1. Pelajari aturan dan strategi dasar: Sebelum memulai bermain poker, pastikan bahwa Anda benar-benar memahami aturan permainan dan strategi daftar domino88 . Anda perlu menguasai kombinasi kartu dan nilai-nilai tangan, memahami struktur taruhan, dan memiliki pemahaman yang baik tentang bagaimana menggertak dan membaca lawan.

2. Berlatih secara teratur:Mendominasi permainan poker dan mengamankan kemenangan yang konsisten membutuhkan kombinasi strategi, keterampilan, dan pengetahuan. Berikut ini adalah beberapa kiat ampuh untuk membantu Anda mencapai hal tersebut:

Taktik poker

1. Pelajari Mendonasi permainan poker dan mengamankan kemenangan yang1. Pahami aturan dan strategi dasar poker: Sebelum Anda dapat menguasai permainan, Anda harus memahami aturan dasar poker dan taktik yang digunakan. Pelajari kombinasi kartu dan cara membaca lawan Anda.

2. Pelajari tampilan fisik dan perilaku lawan: Perhatikan cermat tampilan fisik dan perilaku lawan Anda. Mereka mungkin memberikan petunjuk tentang kekuatan tangan mereka atau strategi mereka. Pahami bahasa tubuh lawan Anda untuk mengambil keputusan yang tepat.

3. Kelola keuangan secara bijaksana: Penting untuk mengelola keuangan dengan bijaksana dalam permainan poker. Tetapkan batas berapa banyak uang yang akan Anda mainkan dan jangan bermain melebihi batas tersebut. Juga, hindari menggadaikan properti atau berjudi dengan uang yang tidak dapat Anda rugikan.

4. Miliki disiplin diri: Selalu bermain dengan disiplin diri. Ini termasuk mengendalikanPoker adalah permainan strategi yang membutuhkan pemahaman mendalam tentang aturan permainan, keterampilan matematika, dan kemampuan membaca pemain lain. Untuk mendominasi poker dan mengamankan kemenangan yang konsisten, berikut adalah beberapa kiat ampuh yang perlu dikuasai:

Aturan utama

1. Pelajari aturan dan variasi poker: Ada berbagai variasi poker seperti Texas Hold’em, Omaha, dan Seven-Card Stud. Penting untuk memahami aturan dasar dan strategi khusus dari setiap variasi agar dapat bermain dengan lebih baik.

2. Perbaiki keterampilan matematika: Poker melibatkan perhitungan matematis seperti peluang, probabilitas, dan statistik. Pelajari konsep dasar seperti outs (kartu yang masih tersisa untuk membantu Anda memenangkan tangan) dan peluang pot untuk meningkatkan kemampuan Anda dalam membuat keputusan yang tepat.

3. Kenali posisi permainan: Posisi Anda di meja poker dapat memengaruhi strategi permainan Anda. Pemain yang berada di posisi akhir memiliki keuntungan, karena mereka dapat melihat tindakan pemain lain sebelum mengambil keputusan. Manfaatkan posisi Anda untuk mengamankan keuntungan yang lebih besar.

4. Membaca pemain lain: Observasi terhadap perilaku pemain lain adalah keterampilan penting dalam poker. Perhatikan sikap, gerakan tubuh, dan pola taruhan lawan Anda untuk mencoba menebak apa yang mereka miliki. Mengidentifikasi pola taruhan dan menjaga poker face Anda dapat membantu Anda mengamankan kemenangan yang lebih besar di meja.

5. Kelola bankroll Anda dengan bijak: Penting untuk memiliki pengelolaan bankroll yang baik agar tetap bermain dalam batas yang Anda mampu. Tetapkan batas kerugian yang dapat Anda toleransi dan hindari mengambil risiko yang berlebihan. Juga, hindari bermain di meja dengan taruhan yang terlalu tinggi untuk level keterampilan Anda.

Bermain secara agresif

Bermain secara agresif Berikut ini adalah beberapa tips dominobet slot yang dapat membantu Anda mendominasi permainan poker dan mencapai kemenangan yang konsisten:

1. Pelajari aturan dan strategi dasar: Penting untuk memiliki pemahaman yang kuat tentang aturan poker dan strategi dasar sebelum mulai bermain. Pelajari kombinasi kartu yang paling kuat, peringkat tangan, dan jenis taruhan yang bisa Anda lakukan.

2. Pahami lawan Anda: Perhatikan perilaku, gaya bermain, dan pola taruhan lawan Anda. Hal ini bisa memberi Anda petunjuk tentang tangan mereka dan membantu Anda membuat keputusan yang lebih baik.

3. Kelola modal dengan bijak: Tetapkan batas maksimum untuk jumlah uang yang dapat Anda hilangkan dan tetap berpegang pada batas tersebut. Hindari risiko besar dengan bertaruh terlalu banyak pada satu tangan.

4. Bersabarlah: Poker adalah permainan strategi yang membutuhkan kesabaran. Tunggu tangan yang kuat dan jangan terburu-buru dalam mengambil keputusan. Jika Anda berhasil menahan diri saat memiliki tangan yang buruk, kemungkinan besar Anda akan mendapatkan tangan yang lebih baik di masa depan.

5. Gunakan taruhan gertakan dengan hati-hati: Taruhan gertakan adalah strategi yang efektif jika digunakan dengan bijaksana. Ketahui kapan harus melakukannya dan pastikan Anda memiliki informasi yang cukup tentang lawan Anda sebelum mencoba taruhan gertakan.

6. Tetapkan batasan emosional: Jangan biarkan emosi Anda mengambil alih saat bermain poker. Tetap tenang dan fokus, terlepas dari hasil tangan Anda. Jika Anda mulai emosional atau terlalu frustrasi, ambil waktu untuk istirahat sejenak dan kembali saat pikiran Anda sudah lebih tenang.

Berikut adalah beberapa kiat ampun untuk mendominasi poker dan mengamankan kemenangan yang konsisten:

1. Pelajari aturan dan strategi dasar poker: Mulailah dengan memahami aturan dasar dan strategi dasar poker. Anda perlu tahu tentang berbagai tangan yang kuat, peluang, dan konsep seperti taruhan, penggalangan, dan lipatan.

2. Pelajari dan pahami jenis-jenis permainan poker: Ada berbagai jenis permainan poker, seperti Texas Hold’em, Omaha, dan Seven-Card Stud. Pelajari semua jenis game ini dan pilih yang paling cocok dengan gaya bermain Anda.

3. Mengamati lawan Anda: Perhatikan lawan Anda dengan cermat. Perhatikan gaya bermain mereka, pola taruhan, ekspresi wajah, dan sikap tubuh mereka. Hal ini akan membantu Anda dalam membuat keputusan yang tepat.

4. Kelola modal dengan bijak: Jangan terjebak dalam terlalu banyak taruhan atau terlalu banyak risiko. Kelola modal Anda dengan bijaksana dan pertimbangkan jumlah taruhan yang sesuai dengan anggaran Anda.

5. Mengembangkan strategi: Setiap pemain memiliki strategi mereka sendiri dalam bermain poker. Coba eksperimen dengan berbagai strategi dan temukan yang paling sesuai dengan Anda. Penting untuk fleksibel dan bisa beradaptasi dengan permainan.

6. Tetap tenang dan sabar: Poker adalah permainan yang membutuhkan ketenangan dan kesabaran. Jangan terburu-buru menaruh taruhan atau membuat keputusan impulsif. Bermainlah dengan tenang dan bijak.

7. Pelajari matematika poker: Matematika poker adalah hal yang penting untuk dipahami. Pelajari tentang kemungkinan dan peluang dalam poker, dan gunakan pengetahuan ini untuk mengambil keputusan yang cerdas.

8. Berlatih secara konsisten: Seperti halnya dengan permainan lainnya, latihan menjadi kunci keahlian dalam poker. Bermain secara teratur dan berlatih strategi Anda. Ini akan membantu Anda mengasah keterampilan dan meningkatkan pemahaman Anda tentang permainan.

9. Jangan menyerah dengan cepat: Ada saat-saat di mana keberuntungan tidak berada di pihak Anda. Jangan menyerah dengan cepat. Bersabarlah dan terus bermain dengan strategi yang baik. Keberuntungan akan berputar kembali ke arah Anda.

Penting untuk diingat bahwa dominasi dan keberhasilan dalam poker membutuhkan waktu, latihan, dan penelitian yang konsisten. Jangan takut untuk belajar dari kegagalan dan terus berusaha meningkatkan permainan Anda.

Kordejah Wade 
Hersing University 
Microbiology 
July 31st, 2023 

Microbes can be used to treat disease in several ways. For an example, microbes can be engineered to produce therapeutic molecules to treat metabolic conditions, kill pathogens and trigger immune responses to cancers. Communities of microbes can also be constructed to treat disease, Native bacteria in mice can also be used as the chassis for persistent and potentially even curative therapeutic changes in the gut and reversing disease pathogens. 

Microbes can cause infectious diseases such as flu and measles and contribute to many non-infectious chronic diseases such as some forms of cancer and coronary heart disease. They also can trigger respiratory infections and allergies if they grow in workspaces or at home. Bacterial infections inside of your body can cause serious complications such as sepsis, a life-threatening reaction to an infection that causes organ damage. 

REFERNCES:

• NLM
• NIH
• HHS
• USA.gov What are microbes? – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf (nih.gov)

Vanessa Felix  

(2023 Summer B18 Term) SC166-8C: Microbiology 

Herzing University  

Instructor: – Dr.Shane  

August 01, 2023 

Unit 4 Discussion –Beneficial Microbes 

After performing a research on this week’s discussion for the beneficial use for microbe in treating disease I found that some beneficial use for a microbe in treating disease is the role of beneficial microbes as a biocontrol agent beneficial microorganisms have the ability to suppress various phytopathogens through a number of ways, such as by producing antibiotics, lytic enzymes, HCN, and siderophore and by competing with pathogens for nutrients and space, thus limiting the availability of nutrients. 

(Marasco et al., 2012). 

According to The National Library of Medicine coriolus versicolor, a popular traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is widely used in China to treat spleen and liver diseases; however, the beneficial effects of C. Versicolor polysaccharides (CVPs) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain elusive. CVP altered gut microbiota, predominantly suppressing microbes associated with bile acids both in the serum and cecal contents. In vitro data showed that CVP reduced HFD-induced hyperlipidemia via farnesoid X receptor. Our results improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the cholesterol- and lipid-lowering effects of CVP and indicate that CVP is a promising candidate for NAFLD therapy. 

I also found this article were in also explains the Prebiotics are compounds that selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial microorganisms. The use of prebiotics is a well-established strategy for managing human gut health. This concept can also be extended to plants where plant rhizosphere microbiomes can improve the nutrient acquisition and disease resistance. However, we lack effective strategies for choosing metabolites to elicit the desired impacts on plant health. In this study, we target the rhizosphere of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) suffering from wilt disease (caused by Ralstonia solanacearum) as source for potential prebiotic metabolites. We identify metabolites (ribose, lactic acid, xylose, mannose, maltose, gluconolactone, and ribitol) exclusively used by soil commensal bacteria (not positively correlated with R. solanacearum) but not efficiently used by the pathogen in vitro. 

Some complications with this strategy preventing its immediate application are Pregnant overweight women are at risk of gestational diabetes affecting the health of the mother and the child, in both the short and long term. Notwithstanding the extensive scientific interest centred on the problem, research efforts have thus far been unable to devise preventive strategies. Recent scientific advances point to a gut microbiota dysbiosis, with ensuing low-grade inflammation as a contributing element, in obesity and its comorbidities. 

Reference: 

Tang H, Zha Z, Tan Y, Li Y, Jiao Y, Yang B, Xiong Q, Yin H, Wang H. Extraction and characterization of polysaccharide from fermented mycelia of Coriolus versicolor and its efficacy for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Jul 25;248:125951. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125951. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37499724. 

Wen T, Xie P, Liu H, Liu T, Zhao M, Yang S, Niu G, Hale L, Singh BK, Kowalchuk GA, Shen Q, Yuan J. Tapping the rhizosphere metabolites for the prebiotic control of soil-borne bacterial wilt disease. Nat Commun. 2023 Jul 26;14(1):4497. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40184-2. PMID: 37495619; PMCID: PMC10372070. 

Isolauri E, Rautava S, Collado MC, Salminen S. Role of probiotics in reducing the risk of gestational diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015 Aug;17(8):713-9. doi: 10.1111/dom.12475. Epub 2015 May 20. PMID: 25885278. 

. Locate 2-3 peer-reviewed, scholarly articles about using technology with adult learners and/or online learning and adult learners.

Write summary in Word comparing, contrasting, and summarizing points from the articles. 

• Include at least 3-5 key points.
• Include at least 2-3 comparisons.

The Word document may be in any one of the following formats: 

• (1) a letter to a colleague; 
• (2) a memo to your supervisor sharing information; or 
• (3) a traditional summary.